Microsoft TCP/IP 4.0
Practice Test #2
70-059
1. Steven wants to send the TCP/IP protocol statistics from his Windows NT Server computer to a UNIX computer. Both computers are on the same TCP/IP network. What must Steven install on each computer?
a. netstat.exe on the UNIX computer and Network Monitor Agent on the server
b. Performance Monitor on the UNIX computer and the SNMP service on the server
c. Protocol Analyzer on the UNIX computer and Network Monitor Agent on the server
d. SNMP management software on the UNIX computer and the SNMP service on the server
Choice d is correct. TCP/IP networks frequently employ the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to manage and monitor network hosts including Windows NT Server and Workstation computers. Each SNMP host runs SNMP agent software. SNMP agent software responds to data requests from the SNMP management console which in turn runs SNMP manager software. The data files that an SNMP agent sends to the SNMP manager are in Management Information Base (MIB) format. Each MIB file represents a manageable object on the host. In addition to providing SNMP agent support for Windows NT Server and Workstation computers, Windows NT 4.0 also supports SNMP management of WINS, DHCP and IIS servers. SNMP management services are provided by Microsoft SMS as well as by many third-party vendors. RKNG, pp. 521-527, Chp. 11, Using SNMP for Network Management.
2. Using the FTP utility, Charles finds that his Windows NT Workstation computer cannot connect to a remote server. He types IPCONFIG /ALL at the command prompt and studies the workstation's IP configuration, as shown below:
Windows NT IP Configuration:
Host Name . . . . . . . . . : charlesp.eyrie.com
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . :
Node Type . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid
NetBIOS Scope ID. . . . . . :
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . : No
NetBIOS Resolution uses DNS : No
Ethernet adapter Intel EtherExpress 16:
Physical Address. . . . . . : 00-AA-00-51-29-45
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
IP Address. . . . . . . . . : 47.200.32.3
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . : 47.200.34.1
Primary WINS Server . . . . : 47.200.34.19
Secondary WINS Server . . . :
What must Charles change on his Windows NT workstation in order to connect to the remote server?
a. the NetBIOS Scope ID
b. the host name
c. the primary WINS server address
d. the physical address
e. the subnet mask
Choice e is correct. This subnet mask will make some of the local hosts appear remote. Because of this, datagrams will not be correctly routed to hosts on the local network. Particularly, the default gateway appears remote thus effectively isolating Charles' workstation from remote hosts. RKNG, pp. 404-406, Chp. 7, Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; TPWIN2, pp. 90-106, Chp. 4, IP Addressing; LTM, Subnets and Subnet Masking.
3. Roger administers several hundred Windows-based computers on a TCP/IP network with five subnets. Many users have laptop computers that run Windows 95. Roger wants to automatically assign IP addresses to these laptop computers each time they connect. Which service must Roger configure?
a. DHCP
b. DNS
c. FTP
d. SNMP
e. WINS
Choice a is correct. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allows you to automatically assign IP addresses to network hosts. With DHCP, a computer can connect to and disconnect from a network or any of its subnets without intervention by either the administrator or a user. However, computers critical to network operations, such as DHCP, DNS and WINS servers, should be assigned static addresses. In addition to dynamically assigning a valid IP address to a client, a DHCP server can also assign the correct subnet mask, default gateway, and other configuration parameters that a host needs to access network resources. RKNG, pp. 403-406, Chp. 7, Managing Microsoft DHCP Servers; TPWIN2, pp. 273-278, Chp. 10, Managing DHCP.
4. Sam wants to add two multihomed Windows NT Server computers to a network with three subnets as shown in the Exhibit. The subnet mask on the network is 255.255.255.0.
Which routing entries should Sam make to ensure that all the hosts on the network can communicate with one another?
a. on Router1: ROUTE ADD 140.70.107.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.1
on Router2: ROUTE ADD 140.70.47.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.2
b. on Router1: ROUTE ADD 140.70.47.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.1
on Router2: ROUTE ADD 140.70.107.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.2
c. on Router1: ROUTE ADD 140.70.107.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.2
on Router2: ROUTE ADD 140.70.47.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.1
d. on Router1: ROUTE ADD 140.70.47.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.2
on Router2: ROUTE ADD 140.70.107.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 140.70.91.1
Choice c is correct. Static routing can always be used when other forms of routing are not practical. The syntax is ROUTE ADD [destination net ID] MASK [netmask] [gateway address]. The subnet mask must be entered even if the same subnet mask is used on the entire network. The correct choices list the network ID of the remote subnet that the local subnet needs to reach, the mask and the gateway address to the remote subnet. RKNG, pp. 554-556, Chp. 12, The Route Table; "TCP/IP Routing Basics for Windows NT" on TechNet.
5. James has just installed a UNIX computer on his network. The hostname of the UNIX computer is UNIX01. He wants to allow his WINS-enabled client computers to communicate with the UNIX computer. What is the best way for James to proceed?
a. He should add a static mapping entry for the hostname and IP address of the UNIX computer to the WINS database.
b. He should enter the NetBIOS name and IP address of the WINS server to the HOSTS file on the UNIX computer.
c. He should enter the NetBIOS name and IP address of the WINS server to the LMHOSTS file on the UNIX computer.
d. He should set up the IP address of the UNIX computer as the default gateway address of the WINS server.
Choice a is correct. While WINS can greatly ease the burden of network administration, it is not always possible or desirable to make every network computer a WINS client. For example, computers responsible for performing network services such as DNS, DHCP and WINS servers should not be assigned IP addresses by DHCP. Such addresses need to be static. Hostnames of UNIX computers can be resolved either through a HOSTS file or a DNS server. A WINS server can also resolve the hostnames of UNIX computers as long as the hostnames are 15 characters or less and do not contain any special characters. Clients that normally call on WINS for name resolution can also have non-WINS-enabled hostnames resolved by WINS. WINS will not allow another network host to register a name that has been statically mapped in the WINS database. UNIX computers should be registered as a unique static mapping type.
RKNG, pp. 226-228, Chp. 5, Installing and Configuring WINS; TPWIN2, pp. 338-339, Chp. 11, Managing WINS Servers; "MS Windows NT Server 4.0 - WINS Architecture and Capacity Planning" on TechNet.
6. John runs the ipconfig utility on his Windows NT Workstation computer and receives the following readout:
Host Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . : SALES
DNS Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . :
Node Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . : hybrid
NetBIOS Scope ID . . . . . . . . . :
IP Routing Enabled . . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enable. . . . . . . . . : No
NetBIOS Resolution Uses DNS. . . . : No
Ethernet Adapter . . . . . . . . . : ELNK31
Description. . . . . . . . . . . . : ELNK3 Ethernet adapter
Physical Address . . . . . . . . . : 00-AA-00-51-29-45
DHCP Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . : yes
IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . : 195.49.29.05
Subnet Mask. . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252
Default Gateway. . . . . . . . . . : 195.49.29.09
Primary WINS Server. . . . . . . . : 195.49.36.149
Secondary WINS server. . . . . . . :
Leased obtain. . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, July 22, 1997 10:41
Lease expires. . . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, July 27, 1997 10:41
What is wrong with John's configuration?
a. The IP Address is invalid.
b. The Default Gateway is invalid.
c. The Subnet Mask is invalid.
d. The host and WINS servers are on different subnets.
e. The host and default gateway are on different subnets.
Choice e is correct. The IP address and default gateway are on different subnets. A host must be on the same subnet as its default gateway. Otherwise, it may not be able to route packets to a remote network. Applying the subnet mask 255.255.255.252 to the Class C network 195.49.29.0 creates 62 subnets with 2 hosts per subnet. Valid Host IDS are 5-6, 9-10, 13-14, ...253-254. TPWIN2, pp. 85-87, Chp. 5, Lesson 2: Defining a Subnet Mask.
7. Robert administers a TCP/IP network running 100 Windows-based computers and five UNIX servers. The 100 Windows-based computers are all WINS-enabled clients. How can Robert resolve computer names and hostnames with a minimum use of static name resolution?
a. by creating a centralized LMHOSTS file on a Windows NT Server computer
b. by creating an LMHOSTS file on each client computer
c. by setting up DNS
d. by setting up DNS to use DHCP
e. by setting up DNS to use WINS
Choice e is correct. Name resolution can be performed either statically or dynamically. LMHOSTS files, HOSTS files and the DNS service are all methods of static name resolution. In each case, you must manually enter a computer name and its corresponding IP address into a table. WINS resolves names dynamically. As names and addresses change, WINS automatically updates its database. Microsoft DNS is designed to work with WINS. If DNS receives a resolution request that it cannot solve and the Use WINS Resolution checkbox on the WINS Lookup tab of DNS Manager is set, then DNS passes the request on to WINS. If WINS can resolve the name, it passes the IP address back to DNS. It is not sufficient to install both DNS and WINS on the same network. You must make the DNS server aware of the WINS server.
RKNG, pp. 490-492, Chp. 9, Planning for Microsoft DNS and Microsoft WINS Integration; SPT, pp. 296-298, Chp. 13, Lesson 3: Integrating DNS and WINS; "Integrate WINS and DNS in Your Internetwork" on TechNet.
8. Kenneth wants to input the file that contains computername-to-IP-address mappings into the WINS database on his Windows NT Server computer. Which file should Kenneth import?
a. the Cache.dns file
b. the Dhcp.mdb file
c. the HOSTS file
d. the LMHOSTS file
Choice d is correct. HOSTS files originated in the UNIX world. Microsoft developed LMHOSTS files to provide much of the same functionality in the Microsoft environment. In this sense, LMHOSTS files are to WINS what HOSTS files are to DNS. You can easily convert a computername-to-IP-address resolution method based on LMHOSTS files into one based on WINS by importing the existing LMHOSTS file into WINS. Any entry with a #DOM tag is added to the Domain Name group. All other tags are ignored. RKNG, pp. 464-465, Chp. 8, Managing Static NetBIOS Name-to-IP-Address Mappings; TPWIN2, p. 339, Chp. 11, Managing WINS Servers.
9. John has just set up PPTP on his RAS server which connects his local network to the Internet. With PPTP filtering enabled, how does the RAS server provide for network security?
a. The RAS server allows the administrator to set the RAS server port for Dial Out Only, Receive Calls Only, or Dial Out and Receive Calls connections.
b. The RAS server allows only PPTP packets to enter the local network.
c. The RAS server allows only PPTP packets to leave the local network.
d. The RAS server enforces call-back security.
Choice b is correct. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) disables support on the network adapter card for any incoming traffic other than PPTP traffic. On a multihomed Windows NT Server computer acting as a RAS server with two network adapter cards, you can configure the card that connects to the Internet for PPTP. The second card (not configured for PPTP) connects to the local network. Local network users wanting to dial out to the Internet can do so. Remote users wanting to dial in to use network resources must be PPTP-enabled clients. Otherwise, they will not be able to connect. The RAS server can be configured for Dial Out Only, Receive Calls Only, or Dial Out and Receive Calls connections. This function is not enabled through PPTP. RKNG, pp. 337-338, Chp. 5, Protecting a RAS Server from Internet Attacks; TPWIN2, p. 523, Chp. 15, Using the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol.
10. Suppose the following situation exists: Karen wants to install a Windows NT Server computer with four network adapter cards on her TCP/IP network. This server will act as a router.
Required result:
Optional desired results:
Proposed solution:
Which results does the proposed solution produce?
a. The proposed solution produces the required result and all of the optional desired results.
b. The proposed solution produces the required result and only two of the optional desired results.
c. The proposed solution produces the required result and only one of the optional desired results.
d. The proposed solution does not produce the required result.
Choice d is correct. To route TCP/IP packets across a network on a multihomed Windows NT Server, you must not only assign individual IP addresses to each network adapter card, you must also check the Enable IP Forwarding box on the Routing tab of the TCP/IP Properties page. The first optional desired result, dynamically updating the routing tables on a network, requires Routing Internet Protocol (RIP) for IP. The second optional desired result, providing IP addresses to client computers on each subnet, is achieved by installing DHCP services on the server and creating scopes for each subnet. You would also have to install DHCP Relay Agents on the subnets themselves. However, this situation only concerns the configuration of the multihomed server. The third optional desired result, sending trap messages across the network to a UNIX server, is achieved by installing the SNMP service on the server and configuring trap messages to be forwarded to the UNIX server.
This also would require the additional step of installing an SNMP manager on the UNIX server. Installing WINS on the server would not meet any of the requirements. RKNG, pp. 554-555, Chp. 12, The Route Table; TPWIN2, pp. 248-252, Chp. 9, Routing with Two Networks.
11. Suppose the following situation exists: John wants to install a Windows NT Server computer with three network adapter cards on his TCP/IP network. This server will act as a router.
Required result:
Optional desired results:
Proposed solution:
Which results does the proposed solution produce?
a. The proposed solution produces the required result and all of the optional desired results.
b. The proposed solution produces the required result and only two of the optional desired results.
c. The proposed solution produces the required result and only one of the optional desired results.
d. The proposed solution does not produce the required result.
Choice c is correct. The first and third of the proposed solutions produce the required result and the second optional desired result. To route packets on a multihomed Windows NT Server computer, you must assign individual IP addresses to each network adapter card installed on the server. You must also check the Enable IP Forwarding box on the Routing tab of the TCP/IP Properties page. ARP resolves local IP addresses to their media access control (MAC) addresses. By itself, ARP cannot be installed on a Windows NT computer. ARP is installed as part of the TCP/IP protocol. The first and third of the optional desired results are not addressed in the proposed solution. Dynamically updating the routing tables on a network requires the installation of RIP for IP. Sending trap messages across the network to a UNIX server requires the installation of the SNMP service on the server and configuring trap messages to be forwarded to the UNIX server.
RKNG, pp. 554-555, Chp. 12, The Route Table; TPWIN2, pp. 248-252, Chp. 9, Routing with Two Networks.
12. Suppose the following situation exists: Ted wants to install a Windows NT Server computer with five network adapter cards on his TCP/IP network. This server will act as a router.
Required result:
Optional desired results:
Proposed solution:
Which results does the proposed solution produce?
a. The proposed solution produces the required result and all of the optional desired results.
b. The proposed solution produces the required result and only two of the optional desired results.
c. The proposed solution produces the required result and only one of the optional desired results.
d. The proposed solution does not produce the required result.
Choice b is correct. The first step of the proposed solution achieves the required result. TCP/IP packet routing requires unique IP addresses for each network adapter card and IP Forwarding to be enabled. The fourth and fifth steps of the proposed solution achieve the second and third optional desired results, respectively. Installing the DHCP service on the server with scopes for each subnet will provide IP addresses to every client computer on each subnet. Installing the SNMP service on the server and forwarding the trap messages to the UNIX server will send trap messages across the network to a UNIX server.
Dynamically updating the routing tables on a network requires RIP for IP. RKNG, pp. 554-555, Chp. 12, The Route Table; TPWIN2, pp. 248-252, Chp. 9, Routing with Two Networks.
13. Gerald manages a network that employs DHCP, DNS and WINS services. He discovers that IP-address-to-hostname resolution in not working properly. What is the best way to troubleshoot this problem?
a. Examine the reverse lookup file using the nslookup utility.
b. Flush the DNS server's cache using arp -d in-addr.arpa.
c. Run nbtstat.exe on the DHCP server.
d. Run netstat.exe on the WINS server.
Choice a is correct. The DNS diagnostic utility, nslookup, can be used to examine the contents of DNS zone files which contain DNS resource records. The original UNIX utility has two modes, interactive and non-interactive. Use the non-interactive mode if you only need to view one piece of data. To view more data, use the interactive mode. RKNG, pp. 691-693, App. A, nslookup; TPWIN2, pp. 411-416, Chp. 12, Using Nslookup; SPT, pp. 283-285, Chp. 13, Troubleshooting DNS with NSLOOKUP; "Getting Started With Microsoft DNS Server" on TechNet.
14. Joe's network is comprised of Windows NT Server computers, Windows NT Workstation computers and UNIX computers. The network's Internet domain name is sspcorp.com. One primary and four secondary DNS servers are located in the sales.sspcorp.com zone. Joe wants these DNS servers to resolve names that are not in the DNS database by using the network's existing WINS servers. What does Joe need to do?
a. Set up all five DNS servers to use WINS resolution.
b. Set up all five DNS servers to use WINS reverse lookup.
c. Set up only the primary DNS server to use WINS resolution.
d. Set up only the primary DNS server to use WINS reverse lookup.
Choice c is correct. Unlike WINS servers, DNS servers in the same zone are structured in a hierarchical, not peer-to-peer, relationship. The primary server is the authoritative server for the zone and maintains the zone data files. A secondary server acts as a backup server to the primary server and receives its data files from the primary server. Caching-only servers can also be added to a zone and only cache the queries they resolve. The primary DNS server alone connects to the WINS server for NetBIOS name resolution. Instead of resolving NetBIOS names to their IP addresses, WINS reverse lookup resolves IP addresses to their NetBIOS names. Reserved primarily for logins, remote printing and firewall applications, WINS reverse lookup is rarely used in an intranet environment.
RKNG, p. 231, Chp. 5, The Decision to Integrate DNS with WINS, and pp. 490-492, Chp. 9, Planning for Microsoft DNS and Microsoft WINS Integration; TPWIN2, pp. 398-399, Chp. 12, Managing the DNS Server; "Integrate WINS and DNS in Your Internetwork" on TechNet.
15. Adele wants the SNMP service on her Windows NT Server computer to send trap messages to an SNMP trap destination. Which of the following must be supplied?
a. the SNMP management station's community
b. the SNMP management station's IP address
c. the SNMP management station's scope ID
d. the SNMP management station's subnet mask
Only choices a and b are correct. An SNMP trap destination is an SNMP management station or console that is set to receive trap messages from trap agents. Trap messages can contain a notification of an agent's startup, shutdown, or password violation. SNMP-enabled computers are grouped into administrative units called communities. Although an SNMP-enabled computer can belong to more than one community, it cannot communicate with a community of which it is not a member. Therefore, when designating the SNMP trap destination on the Traps tab of the SNMP Properties page, you must specify the community to which the SNMP trap destination belongs. You must also specify the SNMP trap destination by either its hostname, IP address or IPX address. Trap messages can be sent to more than one SNMP trap destination. RKNG, pp. 535-536, Chp. 11, Trap Destinations; TPWIN2, p. 448, Chp. 14, Activating SNMP on Microsoft TCP/IP Hosts; SPT, pp. 333-340, Chp. 15, Lesson 3: Installing and Configuring the SNMP Service.
16. Which of the following uses NDIS 4.0 to capture TCP/IP frames from a network datastream?
a. netstat
b. Network Monitor
c. Performance Monitor
d. RIP for TCP/IP
Choice b is correct. Windows NT 4.0 includes the NDIS 4.0 driver for capturing data frames (packets) on a network. NDIS 4.0 replaces the need for promiscuous mode-enabled network adapter cards that were used in earlier versions of Windows NT for capturing data. One advantage of NDIS 4.0 is that it only captures data sent to or from its network adapter card. A network adapter card in promiscuous mode captures all network traffic that passes over it. As a result, network adapter cards in promiscuous mode could increase the demand on a computer's CPU by up to 30 percent. On the other hand, NDIS 4.0 does not affect CPU performance. RKNG, p. 311, Chp. 5, UNIX Administration; TPWIN2, p. 458, Chp. 14, Network Monitor.
17. Carol administers a small Windows-based network that uses LMHOSTS files for computer name resolution. A user complains that he cannot connect to a remote server using Windows NT Explorer. She examines the user's LMHOSTS file and discovers that the remote server's IP address has been entered incorrectly. After correcting the entry, what should Carol do?
a. rename the LMHOSTS file
b. run nbtstat -r
c. run nbtstat -R
d. run netstat -r
e. run netstat -R
Choice c is correct. After correcting an LMHOSTS file, it is necessary to purge the computer of its cached NetBIOS names. The nbtstat -R command then reloads the name cache, including all of the LMHOSTS file's #PRE entries. The nbtstat -r command lists the name resolution statistics for Windows networking. The netstat -r command displays the routing table's contents. RKNG, p. 520, Chp. 10, Maintaining the LMHOSTS File, p. 552, Chp. 12, Troubleshooting NetBIOS Name Resolution by Using NBTStat, and p. 688, App. A, nbtstat; TPWIN2, p. 444, Chp. 14, Troubleshooting Utilities.
18. Frank's network contains three Windows NT Server computers that are set up as Web servers. Frank wants to enable Microsoft Windows 95 computers and Macintosh computers running Internet Explorer to access each of these Web servers by using a hostname. What should Frank use?
a. DHCP
b. DNS
c. FTP
d. WINS
Choice b is correct. Any attempt via TCP/IP to access a remote computer by its hostname requires some form of name resolution to convert a hostname to its IP address. DNS and WINS are the most common form of name resolution. WINS, a Microsoft product, resolves NetBIOS names to their IP addresses. WINS can also be configured to work in conjunction with DNS to provide both NetBIOS and hostname resolution to Microsoft Windows-based clients only. WINS does not currently support Macintosh clients which need to use DNS for name resolution. RKNG, pp. 438-439, Chp. 8, Introduction to Windows Internet Name Service; TPWIN2, pp. 311-313, Chp. 11, Architecture of the Windows Internet Name Service; "Apple Macintosh Clients Obtain DHCP Address" on TechNet.
19. You have been contracted to design a TCP/IP network for a company with the network ID 212.167.52.0. Each department in the company will form its own subnet. Each department will require between 20 and 25 IP hosts. If you want to create the largest possible number of subnets for this company, which subnet mask should you choose?
a. 255.255.255.192
b. 255.255.255.224
c. 255.255.255.240
d. 255.255.255.248
Choice b is correct. Subnet masking, which allows a single IP address to be spread across subnets, always involves a trade-off between the number of subnets created by the mask and the number of hosts available for each subnet. Subnet masks for a class C address can create the following combinations of subnets and hosts:
Mask / Subnets / Hosts
255.255.255.192 / 2 / 62
255.255.255.224 / 6 / 30
255.255.255.240 / 14 / 14
255.255.255.248 / 30 / 6
255.255.255.252 / 62 / 2
Both subnet masks 255.255.255.192 and 225.255.255.224 will create the necessary number of hosts. However, the former allows for only two subnets, while the latter will create six subnets.
RKNG, pp. 404-406, Chp. 7, Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; TPWIN2, pp. 90-106, Chp. 4, IP Addressing; LTM, Subnets and Subnet Masking.
20. Over which of the following networks can the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) support a virtual private network (VPN) using a RAS server?
a. ISDN only
b. PSTN (Public-Switched Telephone Network) only
c. ISDN and PSTN only
d. PSTN, ISDN and X.25
Choice d is correct. The implementation of Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is not limited by the public networks available to remote clients. Within a corporation, VPN connections can be made over SNA and intranet backbones. Over a RAS server, remote VPN connections can be made directly to the Internet or through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) using either PSTN, ISDN or X.25. RKNG, p. 334, Chp. 5, The Decision to Use PPTP; "MS Windows NT Server 4.0 PPTP Whitepaper" on TechNet.
21. A Windows NT Workstation computer cannot connect to other computers on a network using a hostname. The HOSTS file on the workstation contains the following entries:
127.0.0.1#local hostloopback diagnostic
133.180.18.205 #librarylibrary loop server
133.180.18.105 #UNIX serverUNIX server cells & research
144.15.37.9 #laser printer $laser printer #HPJET
133.180.3.22 #router3&router3 #sales $router
How must you edit this HOSTS file to allow the workstation to connect using hostnames to other computers specified in this HOSTS file?
a. Remove all of the embedded spaces from each line.
b. Remove the first pound sign (#) character from each line.
c. Remove all of the dollar sign ($) characters.
d. Remove all of the ampersand (&) characters.
Choice b is correct. All of the above entries would not be read due to the pound sign (#) character preceding the hostname. In a HOSTS file, everything on a line following a pound sign is taken to be a comment and is ignored. Normally, the pound signs should be placed before the remote server descriptions, e.g., #loopback diagnostic. Note that in an LMHOSTS file, the special keywords #PRE, #DOM, #INCLUDE, #BEGIN_ALTERNATE and #END_ALTERNATE affect how IP reads the file entries. LMHOSTS file keywords cannot be used in a HOSTS file. RKNG, p. 512, Chp. 10, Creating Entries in the LMHOSTS File; TPWIN2, pp. 150-151, Chp. 6, Naming Hosts on the Internet.
22. Larry must determine how many host IDs he will need before deciding what subnet mask he should apply to his TCP/IP network. How should Larry tabulate the number of host IDs required for his network?
a. by calculating one host ID for each LAN and WAN connection
b. by calculating one host ID for each network adapter
c. by calculating one host ID for each network adapter and router interface
d. by calculating one host ID for each subnet and each router interface
Choice c is correct. In deciding what subnet mask to apply to a TCP/IP network, you have to work within the parameters set by the number of physical network segments (subnets) you create and the total number of host IDs you need. Routers define subnets which are generally created to meet physical or administrative requirements. A network spanning four floors might install routers on three of those floors to create four subnets. If two largely self-contained departments shared one of the floors, a fourth router might be installed between the departments to localize network traffic within each department. The second parameter you must work with, host IDs, is determined by the number of devices such as network adapter cards, routers, etc.--anything that actually plugs into the TCP/IP network. Once you have counted the number of subnets and host IDs you will need, you can then determine what subnet mask to apply.
RKNG, pp. 404-406, Chp. 7, Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; TPWIN2, p. 90, Chp. 4, IP Addressing; LTM, Subnets and Subnet Masking.
23. Lisa has installed two DNS servers to provide hostname resolution for the non-Microsoft-based computers on her network. Her network is configured as a single DNS zone. Now Lisa wants to install a third DNS server for additional load balancing. She does NOT want the third DNS server to generate any zone transfer network traffic. What is the best way for Lisa to set up this third DNS server?
a. as a backup primary server
b. as a caching-only server
c. as a forwarder server
d. as a secondary server
Choice b is correct. Generally speaking, you should install two DNS servers in each DNS zone, a primary DNS server and a secondary DNS server. The primary DNS server is the authoritative server for the zone and maintains the zone data files. A secondary DNS server acts as a backup server to the primary DNS server and receives its data files from the primary DNS server. The process of copying data files from the primary to the secondary DNS server is called a zone transfer. Note that zone transfers occur not between zones, but within the same zone. In order to provide load balancing within a zone, you can install additional DNS servers called caching-only servers. As their name implies, these servers only cache the queries they resolve. For this reason, they do not replicate files with other DNS servers, thus reducing network traffic. This can be particularly advantageous if you have a slow-link connection within the zone.
RKNG, p. 485, Chp. 9, Microsoft DNS Server; SPT, pp. 259-260, Chp. 12, Name Server Roles; "DNS and MS Windows NT 4.0" on TechNet.
24. Which of the following provides both capture filters and display filters?
a. DHCP
b. Network Monitor
c. Performance Monitor
d. RIP for TCP/IP
e. SNMP Trap Monitor
Choice b is correct. Network Monitor allows you to perform sophisticated analyses of network traffic using both capture filters and display filters. With a capture filter you can create a subset of the computers or protocols you want to analyze. The subset can then be saved to a file. A display filter is applied to the data saved with the capture filter to further refine that data. The display filter can filter data frames by source or destination address, protocol, and other properties and values contained in the frame. NTCP, pp. 318-319, Chp. 5, Capture Filters, and pp. 322-323, Displaying Captured Data; TPWIN2, pp. 466-480, Chp. 14, Network Monitor.
25. On a network with five subnets, all client computers use only one DHCP server. A global option on the DHCP server specifies the IP address of the DNS server that the client computers are to use. A user complains that he cannot connect to other computers using their hostnames. Running the ipconfig utility on the user's computer, you ascertain that all of the IP settings are correct except for the IP address of the DNS server. What could account for the difference between the DNS server's IP address as assigned by the DHCP server and its IP address as found on the user's computer?
a. The client computer is on a subnet other than the one for which the DHCP option was defined.
b. The DHCP scope is not activated for the client's subnet.
c. The IP address for the DNS server has been created for the client computer as a client option.
d. The user's computer is no longer a DHCP client, and the IP address for the DNS server has been manually set at the user's computer.
Only choices c and d are correct. Microsoft's DHCP Manager supports ten default DHCP options, including the IP address of the DNS server. You can configure these options at the global, scope or client level. Options set at the client level override those set at the scope and global levels. Options set at the scope level override those set at the global level. Client level options are only available to reserved DHCP clients. However, you can always change a default DHCP option manually at the client. RKNG, pp. 408-413, Chp. 7, Microsoft DHCP Server; TPWIN2, pp. 294-298, Chp. 10, DHCP Configuration Options.
26. Maria's publishing company maintains data on upcoming book releases on a Windows NT Server computer connected to the Internet. Maria wants customers to be able to download these files on request regardless of the operating system they use. Which of the following TCP/IP utilities should Maria implement?
a. FTP
b. rcp
c. telnet
d. tracert
Choice a is correct. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is one of the oldest and most stable TCP/IP protocols available to any operating system running TCP/IP. Because of its low overhead, FTP is best used when simple file transfers between remote machines are needed. However, FTP security is limited by the fact that passwords are sent in clear text. For this reason, the Microsoft implementation of FTP is set by default to allow only anonymous connections. When establishing an FTP connection, the user customarily enters anonymous (or FTP) for the username and his or her email address for the password. RKNG, pp. 306-307, Chp. 5, UNIX Administration; TPWIN2, pp. 177-179, Chp. 6, TCP/IP Applications.
27. Bonagiorgio Corporation has been assigned the network ID 134.114.0.0. The corporation's eight departments require one subnet each. However, each department may grow to over 2,500 hosts. Which subnet mask should you apply?
a. 255.255.192.0.
b. 255.255.224.0.
c. 255.255.240.0.
d. 255.255.248.0.
Choice c is correct. The subnet mask 255.255.240.0 will create 14 subnets with a maximum of 4,094 hosts on each subnet. A first (leftmost) octet of 134 indicates a class B address. As the following table shows, there is always a trade-off between the number of subnets and the number of hosts per subnet:
Mask / Subnets / Class A / Class B / Class C
192 / 2 / 4,194,302 / 16,382 / 62
224 / 6 / 2,097,150 / 8,190 / 30
240 / 14 / 1,048,574 / 4,094 / 14
248 / 30 / 524,286 / 2,046 / 6
252 / 62 / 262,142 / 1,022 / 2
254 / 126 / 131,070 / 510 / --
255 / 254 / 65,534 / 254 / --
RKNG, pp. 404-406, Chp. 7, Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; TPWIN2, pp. 90-106, Chp. 4, IP Addressing; LTM, Subnets and Subnet Masking.
28. Brian wants to manually add entries for four UNIX computers to the WINS database. What type of entries must he add?
a. Domain Name
b. Group
c. Internet group
d. Multihomed
e. Unique
Choice e is correct. WINS allows you to specify five static entry types: Domain Name, Group, Internet group, Multihomed and Unique. A Unique entry maps a computer name to one IP address. Since UNIX-based computers cannot participate in the dynamic WINS environment, assigning static entries to UNIX-based computers ensures that they will not conflict with registered WINS entries. UNIX-based computers are assigned unique entries when they have only one IP address assigned to their only network card. With Group entries, network-wide broadcasts can be made to a given set of computers. The Internet group is comprised of computers whose NetBIOS names have 0x20 as the 16th character. Multihomed entries are reserved for computers that have more than one IP address.
RKNG, pp. 464-465, Chp. 8, Managing Static NetBIOS Name-to-IP-Address Mappings; TPWIN2, p. 340, Chp. 11, Managing WINS Servers; SPT, pp. 198-200, Chp. 9, Configuring Static Entries for Non-WINS Clients; "MS Windows NT Server 4.0 - WINS Architecture and Capacity Planning" on TechNet.
29. You manage a single domain of Windows-based computers. The Windows-based computers run TCP/IP as their only network protocol. The network has four subnets: SubnetA, SubnetB, SubnetC and SubnetD. Users on SubnetC complain that they cannot browse servers and resources on SubnetB. However, they can browse local servers and resources on their own subnet. To examine the problem, you run Windows NT Explorer on a Windows NT Workstation computer on SubnetC and successfully map to a network drive on SubnetB. What is the cause of the problem?
a. The default gateway address on SubnetB is incorrect.
b. The DNS server is not available.
c. The primary domain controller is not available.
d. The router is not functioning.
e. The WINS server is not available.
Choice c is correct. In a Windows environment, it is easy to confuse browsing with name resolution. However, browsing only concerns itself with maintaining hostname databases, not hostname-to-IP-address resolution. Differences between the two functions can clearly be seen when subnet-crossing problems occur. In this situation, the ability to successfully map to a remote network drive using Windows NT Explorer eliminates name resolution as a possible cause of the problem. That you can successfully connect to another subnet eliminates both the router and the default gateway address as possible causes. Browsing across subnets depends upon the Domain Master Browser, which is always the primary domain controller (PDC). The PDC, in its role as Domain Master Browser, collects from each subnet's Master Browser the browse list for that subnet. The Domain Master Browser then merges these browse lists to form a single browse list for the entire domain.
Local browsers depend on this list when browsing outside the subnet. Therefore, if the PDC fails, cross-subnet browsing fails. RKNG, pp. 132-137, Chp. 3, The Windows NT Browser Service, and pp. 145-146, Browser Shutdown or Failure; TPWIN2, pp. 328-331, Chp. 11, Installing the WINS Server Service; "Domain Browsing with TCP/IP and LMHOSTS Files" and "Information on Browser Operation" on TechNet.
30. Ralph's TCP/IP network is comprised of three subnets. SubnetA contains a primary domain controller (PDC). SubnetB and SubnetC each have a backup domain controller (BDC). Each domain controller is the master browser of its subnet. WINS is not enabled on the network. Ralph wants to ensure that each BDC can communicate with the PDC. What should Ralph do?
a. Create a fourth subnet. Move all domain controllers to the new subnet.
b. On each BDC, change the BDC directive to 0x1b in the registry.
c. On each BDC, create an LMHOSTS file with an entry for the PDC.
d. On the PDC, create an LMHOSTS file with an entry for each of the BDCs.
Choice c is correct. By default, a domain controller on a subnet is also its master browser. When a Windows NT computer discovers it is a master browser, it checks its LMHOSTS file for any #DOM entries. The #DOM tag signifies a domain controller. The master browser then queries all #DOM entries to find out which entry is for the primary domain controller. Only the PDC responds. The local master browser sends its browse list to the PDC which merges the list into a browse list for the entire domain. This compiled list is then sent to the BDC. Updates to the list are made every 12 to 15 minutes. RKNG, pp. 508-510, Chp. 10, Using LMHOSTS File to Find Computers and Services; TPWIN2, p. 358, Chp. 11, Managing LMHOSTS Files; SPT, pp. 232-234, Chp. 10, Browsing Using the LMHOSTS File; "Domain Browsing with TCP/IP and LMHOSTS Files" on TechNet.
31. Using the LPR utility, UNIX computers need to send documents to a print device on a Windows NT Server computer. Which of the following must you do?
a. Assign an IP address to the printer.
b. Install the TCP/IP Printing service on the server.
c. Install the TCP/IP Printing service on the UNIX computers.
d. Share the printer on the server.
Only choices b and d are correct. The Microsoft TCP/IP Printing service, which includes the LPD service, must reside on a Windows NT computer running TCP/IP. It is through the LPD service that LPR clients connect to the print device. As with any other network printer, an LPD printer must be shared on the network. However, LPR clients must use the actual printer name as shown in the Printers folder, not the printer share name as shown on the Scheduling tab of the printer's Properties page. NTCP, pp. 174-175, Chp. 5, Configuring TCP/IP and UNIX Printers; SPT, pp. 319-322, Chp. 14, Using Windows NT as a Print Gateway.
32. You want to examine the IP-Address-to-Media Access Control-Address resolution of outgoing packets on your Windows NT Server computer. Which of the following should you use?
a. tracert
b. ARP
c. ping
d. nbtstat
Choice b is correct. As part of the IP stack, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), resolves the IP address of outgoing packets to their media access control (MAC) address. First, ARP checks its cache for a matching MAC address. If the MAC address is found, then the IP address is resolved. If the MAC address is not found, then ARP sends an ARP Request Packet onto the local subnet. If a local host responds, ARP resolves the address. If no local host responds, ARP sends the packet to the default gateway for routing to the remote destination host. The command to view ARP cache entries is arp -a. Network Monitor could also be used to examine the IP-Address-to-Media Access Control-Address resolution of outgoing packets. RKNG, pp. 347-348, Chp. 6, Core Protocol Stack Components; TPWIN2, pp. 439-440, Chp. 14, Troubleshooting Utilities.
33. The network at Barry's company has five subnets. From his Windows NT Workstation computer on subnet GREEN, Barry uses Windows NT Explorer to connect to a Windows NT Server computer on subnet RED. When he fails to make the connection, Barry runs the ipconfig utility and receives the following readout:
Windows NT IP Configuration:
Host Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . : MYCOMP
DNS Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . :
Node Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . : hybrid
NetBIOS Scope ID . . . . . . . . . :
IP Routing Enabled . . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enable. . . . . . . . . : No
NetBIOS Resolution Uses DNS. . . . : No
Ethernet Adapter . . . . . . . . . : ELNK31
Description. . . . . . . . . . . . : ELNK3 Ethernet adapter
Physical Address . . . . . . . . . : 00-AA-00-51-29-45
DHCP Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . : yes
IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . : 150.49.29.151
Subnet Mask. . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.224.0
Default Gateway. . . . . . . . . . : 150.49.36.1
Primary WINS Server. . . . . . . . : 150.49.36.149
Secondary WINS server. . . . . . . : 150.49.36.153
Leased obtain. . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, July 22, 1997 10:41 am
Lease expires. . . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, July 27, 1997 10:41 am
What is the most likely cause of the workstation's problem?
a. DNS is not installed on the network.
b. MYCOMP is not enabled as a WINS proxy.
c. The IP address is incorrect.
d. The node type is incorrect.
e. The default gateway is incorrect.
Choice c is correct. A network ID beginning with 150 indicates a class B IP address. The subnet mask 255.255.224.0 creates eight blocks of addresses in the third octet: 0 through 31, 32 through 63, 64 through 95, 96 through 127, 128 through 159, 160 through 191, 192 through 223, and 224 through 255. However, the first and last of these blocks, 0 through 31 and 224 through 255, are illegal. IP addresses falling within those ranges cannot be used. Thus, the workstation's IP address of 150.49.29.151 is invalid. Given the default gateway address, it can safely be assumed that the correct IP address falls somewhere within the first valid block of addresses, 32 through 63. RKNG, pp. 404-406, Chp. 7, Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; TPWIN2, pp. 90-106, Chp. 4, IP Addressing; LTM, Subnets and Subnet Masking.
34. Cathy uses both DHCP and WINS to administer a large TCP/IP network. She wants to reserve the IP addresses of her three domain controllers and her DNS server. What information must Cathy have when reserving these servers in DHCP Manager?
a. hardware addresses
b. IP addresses
c. lease durations
d. subnet masks
Only choices a and b are correct. To create a reserved DHCP client, you must link the client's IP address to its media access control (MAC) address. Because the MAC address is hard-coded on the network adapter card that is installed in the computer, linking an IP address to a MAC address ensures that a specific IP address will always be assigned to a specific computer. In addition to a hardware and IP address, a name must be assigned in DHCP Manager to the client reservation. It is generally a good idea to assign reserved IP addresses to computers providing network-critical functions such as domain controllers, Microsoft DNS servers and WINS servers. TCP/IP configuration on DHCP servers must be done manually, and IP addresses of DHCP servers must be excluded from DHCP scopes. RKNG, pp. 206-207, Chp. 5, Configuring DHCP; TPWIN2, pp. 286-288, Chp. 10, Establishing Reservations; SPT, pp. 150-152, Chp. 7, Configuring a Client Reservation.
35. You work for a Federal agency that has been assigned a class A network address. Currently, your network has 53 subnets. You will be adding 45 new subnets over the next two years. You want to allow for the largest possible number of host IDs per subnet. Which subnet mask should you choose?
a. 255.248.0.0
b. 255.254.0.0
c. 255.255.248.0
d. 255.255.252.0
e. 255.255.254.0
Choice b is correct. When choosing a subnet mask, you must always plan for future expansion. Often you will find yourself making a trade-off between the largest possible number of subnets and the largest possible number of hosts per subnet. In the above case, you need to plan for a total of 98 subnets. For a class A address, the actual masking begins in the second octet. The subnet mask 252 creates 62 subnets, the subnet mask 254 creates 126 subnets and the subnet mask 255 creates 254 subnets. The subnet mask 255.254.0.0 will create 126 subnets with 131,070 hosts per subnet. RKNG, pp. 404-406, Chp. 7, Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; TPWIN2, pp. 90-106, Chp. 4, IP Addressing; LTM, Subnets and Subnet Masking.
36. Barbara administers a TCP/IP network that is comprised of multiple domains. The network is divided into eight subnets. Barbara wants every Windows-based computer to be able to browse every domain. Which entries must Barbara include in the LMHOSTS file on each Windows-based computer?
a. one entry for each BDC in each remote domain
b. one entry for each PDC in each remote domain
c. one entry for each domain controller in the local domain
d. one entry for each router on the network
Only choices b and c are correct. How many entries you make in an LMHOSTS file depends largely on the size and stability of your network. However, the file should contain an entry for each domain controller on the local domain and the PDC of every remote domain. Upon this baseline, you can continue to add more remote domain BDCs as warranted. Regardless of which domain controllers you enter in an LMHOSTS file, they should all be flagged with the #PRE and #DOM keywords so that they will be loaded into cache on each host as domain controllers. RKNG, p. 516, Chp. 10, Adding Domain Controllers by Using #DOM; TPWIN2, p. 358, Chp. 11, Managing LMHOSTS Files.
37. Jack administers a TCP/IP network that spans two floors of an office building. A host on the upper floor, 131.7.20.75, fails to connect to a host on the lower floor, 195.47.33.133. Jack compares the IPCONFIG printouts of both hosts as shown below:
Ethernet adapter Intel EtherExpress 16:
IP Address. . . . . . : 131.7.20.75
Subnet Mask . . . . . : 255.255.192.0
Default Gateway . . . : 131.7.20.1
Ethernet adapter Intel EtherExpress 16:
IP Address. . . . . . : 195.47.33.133
Subnet Mask . . . . . : 255.255.255.192
Default Gateway . . . :
What are the causes of the problem?
a. The default gateway of the computer on the upper floor is incorrect.
b. The default gateway of the computer on the lower floor is incorrect.
c. The subnet mask of the computer on the upper floor is incorrect.
d. The subnet mask of the computer on the lower floor is incorrect.
Only choices b and c are correct. The IP address 131.7.20.75 is illegal under the given subnet mask 255.255.192.0 since 20 is 00010100 in binary and 192 is 11000000. The subnet ID in this case is 00 in binary, which is illegal. The IP address 195.47.33.133 is missing its default gateway; therefore, no remote routing is possible. RKNG, pp. 404-406, Chp. 7, Introduction to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; TPWIN2, pp. 90-106, Chp. 4, IP Addressing; LTM, Subnets and Subnet Masking.
38. Suppose the following situation exists:
Roger administers a TCP/IP network of Microsoft-based computers on six subnets. He wants to install two DHCP servers, each on a separate subnet, that will automatically assign IP addresses to the host computers.
Required result:
Each DHCP server must act as a backup server if the other DHCP server is down.
Optional desired results:
Proposed solution:
Which results does the proposed solution produce?
a. The proposed solution produces the required result and all of the optional desired results.
b. The proposed solution produces the required result and one of the optional desired results.
c. The proposed solution produces the required result, but does not produce any of the optional desired results.
d. The proposed solution does not produce the required result.
Choice a is correct. The proposed solution produces the required result and both optional desired results. Unlike WINS servers, DHCP servers cannot replicate their databases to other DHCP servers. Therefore, each DHCP server must have a unique range of IP addresses for each scope. Creating a client reservation on the DHCP server for each Windows NT Server computer ensures that the same IP address will be issued to the same Windows NT Server computer upon initialization. The second optional desired result, assigning the IP addresses of the WINS and DNS servers to all DHCP clients, is achieved by configuring the 44 WINS/NBNS Servers, the 46 WINS/NBT Node Type and the 006 DNS Servers options on the DHCP servers. Once the 44 WINS/NBNS Servers option is selected, you can specify by scope the IP addresses of the WINS servers to be used. Normally, this option will be set at the scope level. The 46 WINS/NBT Node Type option defines the node type that WINS clients will use.
In almost all cases, this should be the h-node type. By selecting and configuring the 006 DNS Servers option in DHCP Manager, DHCP Manager provides DHCP clients with IP addresses of DNS servers to be used for hostname resolution. RKNG, pp. 408-413, Chp. 7, Microsoft DHCP Server, and p. 428, Setting Local Policies; TPWIN2 p. 290, Chp. 10, Managing Multiple DHCP Servers, and pp. 325-328, Chp. 11, Installing the WINS Server Service.
39. Suppose the following situation exists:
Shelly administers a TCP/IP network of Microsoft-based computers on six subnets. She wants to install two DHCP servers, each on a separate subnet, that will automatically assign IP addresses to the host computers.
Required result:
Optional desired results:
Proposed solution:
Which results does the proposed solution produce?
a. The proposed solution produces the required result and all of the optional desired results.
b. The proposed solution produces the required result and one of the optional desired results.
c. The proposed solution produces the required result, but does not produce any of the optional desired results.
d. The proposed solution does not produce the required result.
Choice b is correct. The proposed solution produces the required result and one optional desired result. For cross-network DHCP connectivity on a routed network, each subnet must have either a DHCP server or a DHCP Relay Agent. DHCP servers can mutually act as backup servers in round-robin fashion so long as IP addresses do not overlap. If we were using a class C network address, we could apply a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224 to create six subnets of 30 IP addresses each. Were DHCP ServerA primarily responsible for assigning IP addresses to SubnetA (w.x.y.32 through w.x.y.63), we might assign the IP addresses w.x.y.32 through w.x.y.53 to DHCP ServerA's SubnetA scope. We could then assign DHCP ServerB the IP addresses w.x.y.54 through w.x.y.58 and DHCP ServerC the IP addresses w.x.y.59 through w.x.y.63. Both ServerB and ServerC now act as backup servers to ServerA.
If ServerB is responsible for SubnetC and SubnetD, then five IP addresses from each subnet could be assigned to ServerA and five IP addresses could be assigned to ServerC. In this way, you can provide double backup protection to every subnet. Although the first optional desired result is not achieved, the second optional desired result is achieved by configuring the 44 WINS/NBNS Servers and the 46 WINS/NBT Node Type options on the DHCP servers. By selecting and configuring the 006 DNS Servers option in DHCP Manager, DHCP Manager provides DHCP clients with IP addresses of DNS servers to be used for hostname resolution. RKNG, pp. 408-413, Chp. 7, Microsoft DHCP Server, and p. 428, Setting Local Policies; TPWIN2 p. 290, Chp. 10, Managing Multiple DHCP Servers, and pp. 325-328, Chp. 11, Installing the WINS Server Service.
40. Janet wants to send a text file to a UNIX-based TCP/IP print server attached to her network. What command should she use?
a. ftp
b. lpd
c. lpq
d. lpr
e. telnet
Choice d is correct. When installed on a TCP/IP-enabled Windows NT computer, the Microsoft TCP/IP Printing service (LPD) allows clients to print to any printer attached directly to the network or to a UNIX server. The clients themselves do not need to run TCP/IP; they must only share a common protocol with the computer running the LPD software. The lpr command utility has two required parameters: -S[JMB1] specifying the host to which the UNIX-based print server is attached, and -P specifying the printer name. RKNG, pp. 687-688, App. A, lpr; NTCP, pp. 174-176, Chp. 5, Configuring TCP/IP and UNIX Printers.
41. You discover that errors in the LMHOSTS file of your Windows NT Server computer are creating problems on your network. After correcting the LMHOSTS file, which command will you issue to purge the server's NetBIOS name cache?
a. arp
b. nbtstat
c. netstat
d. ping
e. route
Choice b is correct. Issuing the nbtstat command with the -R switch will purge a Windows NT Server computer of all cached NetBIOS names and then reload the name cache, including the #PRE entries of the LMHOSTS file. Note, however, that the -R[JMB2] switch is case-sensitive. The nbtstat -r command lists the name resolution statistics for Windows networking. RKNG, p. 520, Chp. 10, Maintaining the LMHOSTS File, p. 552, Chp. 12, Troubleshooting NetBIOS Name Resolution by Using NBTStat, and p. 688, App. A, nbtstat; TPWIN2, p. 444, Chp. 14, Troubleshooting Utilities.
42. Your company has a TCP/IP network with three subnets: ADMIN, FINANCE and SALES. From your Windows NT Workstation computer called MYCOMP on ADMIN, you can connect using Windows NT Explorer to a Windows NT Server computer called SALESSERV on SALES. MYCOMP cannot connect to the Windows NT Server computer called FINSERV on FINANCE. However, MYCOMP can connect to a Windows NT Server computer called FINSERV2 on FINANCE. What is the most likely cause of the problem?
a. The default gateway address on FINSERV is incorrect.
b. The default gateway address on MYCOMP is incorrect.
c. The subnet mask on MYCOMP is incorrect.
d. The subnet mask on SALESSERV is incorrect.
Choice a is correct. The first step in solving this problem would be to ping FINSERV. If the ping is successful, then the problem is most likely one of NetBIOS name resolution. Windows NT Explorer uses browsing, i.e., NetBIOS. If the ping is not successful, then the problem most likely has to do with the subnet mask or default gateway on one or both of the hosts. However, since MYCOMP can connect successfully to the remote server SALESSERV and FINSERV2, MYCOMP's IP configuration must be correct. Therefore, either the default gateway address or the subnet mask on FINSERV is incorrect. RKNG, pp. 548-550, Chp. 12, Test Connection to the TCP/IP Network by Using Ping, pp. 696-697, App. A, ping; TPWIN2, pp. 235-237, Chp. 8, Testing the TCP/IP Configuration.
43. ThetaCorp has been assigned three class C network addresses: 208.201.4.0, 208.201.5.0 and 208.201.6.0. You want to combine these addresses into one logical network to increase the number of hosts IDs you can have on your company's network. Which subnet mask must you use?
a. 255.255.252.0
b. 255.255.255.254
c. 255.255.254.0
d. 255.255.255.252
Choice a is correct. As its name suggests, supernetting, officially called Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR), is the inverse of subnetting. When you create a subnet, you break a network ID into subnets; when you create a supernet, you create a larger logical network ID from several smaller network IDs. In subnetting, you operate on the highest (leftmost) host ID octet, the fourth octet for a class C address. In supernetting, you work on the lowest (rightmost) net ID octet, the third octet for a class C address. Taking the class C addresses 208.201.4.0, 208.201.5.0 and 208.201.6.0 as our example, we convert them into binary:
208.201.4.0 = 11010000.11001001.00000100.00000000
208.201.5.0 = 11010000.11001001.00000101.00000000
208.201.6.0 = 11010000.11001001.00000110.00000000
Seen in binary, we notice that only the last two digits of the third octet differ (00, 01 and 10).
Therefore, we can safely mask the preceding digits with the supernet mask 255.255.252.0 (11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000), leaving the ten-digit addresses 0000000001 through 1111111110 for a continuous range of host IDs. Before attempting to implement supernetting, remember that your routers must also support CIDR. RKNG, p. 354, Chp. 6, Internet Protocol; "MS Windows NT 3.5, 3.51, 4.0 - TCP/IP Implementation Details" on TechNet.
44. You have just promoted the Windows NT Server computer FINANCE to be the primary domain controller of the SALES domain. The IP address of FINANCE is 136.169.16.214. You use LMHOSTS files, not WINS, on your network. How should you register FINANCE in the LMHOSTS files on the client computers?
a. 136.169.16.214 #finance #dom:sales
b. 136.169.16.214 finance #pre #dom:sales
c. 136.169.16.214 finance #pre:sales
d. 136.169.16.214 sales #pre #dom
e. 136.169.16.214 sales #pre #dom:Finance
Choice b is correct. The #DOM: <domain> tag signifies a domain controller and its domain. This ensures that datagram requests are forwarded to remote subnets. The #PRE tag, while not required, ensures that the PDC will be cached upon startup. Although counter-intuitive, you should place #PRE entries at the end of an LMHOSTS file. All #PRE entries are loaded into cache upon host initialization. Therefore, forcing IP to parse the already loaded #PRE entries when scanning the LMHOSTS file for other entries would slow down NetBIOS name resolution. RKNG, p. 150, Chp. 3, Browse Service Across a WAN with TCP/IP; TPWIN2, p. 357, Chp. 11, Managing LMHOSTS Files; "Adding Domain Controllers by Using #DOM" and "Creating Entries in the LMHOSTS File" on Technet.
45. From her Windows NT Workstation computer, Samantha tries to connect to a Windows NT Server computer located on a remote subnet. Samantha's workstation is configured to use WINS, a HOSTS file, and an LMHOSTS file. Using Windows NT Explorer, Samantha wants to map a drive to a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name on the remote server SSPMARKET. The SSPMARKET server is not WINS-enabled. When she enters the network path to the \records folder on SSPMARKET called \\sspmarket\records, she receives the error message: "The computer or share name could not be found." However, when Samantha pings the host address sspmarket.com, the SSPMARKET server responds. What is the most likely cause of the problem?
a. The workstation is not using m-node broadcasts for UNC name resolution.
b. The address of the WINS server is incorrectly entered on Samantha's workstation.
c. The IP address of the remote server SSPMARKET.COM is not correctly entered in the workstation's HOSTS file.
d. The IP address of the remote server SSPMARKET is not correctly entered in the workstation's LMHOSTS file.
Choice d is correct. NetBIOS name misspellings, invalid IP address to NetBIOS name mappings or missing entries are common problems to look for when troubleshooting an LMHOSTS file. SSPMARKET is not WINS-enabled, therefore, WINS will not successfully resolve the NetBIOS name. Since the hostname SSPMARKET.COM can be pinged successfully, the problem does not exist with the workstation's HOSTS file. M-node broadcasts are the opposite of h-node broadcasts. RKNG, pp. 520, Chp. 10, Troubleshooting LMHOSTS Files; TPWIN2, pp. 356-358, Chp. 11, Managing LMHOSTS Files; "Setting Up LMHOSTS Files" on TechNet; SPT, pp. 171-178, Chp. 8, Lesson 2: NetBIOS Name Resolution, and pp. 243-247, Chp. 11, Host Name Resolution.
46. Jennifer administers a Windows-based network that is comprised of five subnets. The network uses only the TCP/IP networking protocol. She has configured the network as a single domain with a PDC on one subnet and a BDC on each of the other four subnets. Jennifer wants the browse list for the entire network to be automatically updated on each of the subnets. Which service does Jennifer need to use?
a. DHCP
b. DNS
c. SNMP
d. WINS
Choice d is correct. Windows browsing depends on browse lists. Browse lists are maintained on each subnet's controller through network broadcasting. In a strictly TCP/IP networking environment, such broadcasts cannot cross routers. For local browse lists to cross routers, you must install either an LMHOSTS file or WINS. However, only WINS can update browse lists automatically. RKNG, pp. 148-150, Chp. 3, Browse Service Across a Wide Area Network (WAN); TPWIN2, pp. 328-331, Chp. 11, Installing the WINS Server Service; "Browsing a Wide Area Network with WINS" on TechNet.
47. Claire wants the UNIX computers on her network to send documents to a print device connected to a Windows NT Server computer. Some of the UNIX applications create documents that contain specific printer commands. Claire wants to ensure that these documents print correctly. After installing the TCP/IP Printing service on the Windows NT Server computer, what action does Claire need to take?
a. On the server, Claire must set up the printer to use the LPR-compatible print processor.
b. On the server, Claire must set up the printer with a separator page with the necessary control codes for printing the documents.
c. On the UNIX computers, Claire must set up the LPR utility option to format documents in the RAW datatype.
d. On the UNIX computers, Claire must set up the LPR utility option to format documents in the TEXT datatype.
Choice c is correct. The RAW datatype sends the print job directly to the printer without the spooler altering the job. Print jobs formatted in the TEXT datatype may have trouble supporting some UNIX character types. The Windows NT Separator Page can be used to print banner pages. "Troubleshooting Windows NT Print Server Alteration of Print Jobs" on TechNet.
48. Which of the following will individually allow you to see a summary of BOTH IP statistics AND Ethernet statistics for a Windows NT server?
a. ipconfig /all
b. nbtstat
c. netstat
d. Network Monitor
Only choices c and d are correct. The netstat -e command displays Ethernet statistics, including bytes, unicast packets, non-unicast packets, discards, errors, and unknown protocols. The netstat -s command displays statistics by protocol: IP, ICMP, TCP and UDP. This command can be limited with the -p [protocol] switch. For example, to display the statistics for the IP protocol, you enter "netstat -s -p IP". Network Monitor allows you to filter network traffic using variables such as frame type and protocol. RKNG, pp. 559-562, Chp. 12, Using the Microsoft Network Monitor, and pp. 690-691, App. A, netstat; TPWIN2, pp. 441-442, Chp. 14, netstat, and pp. 466-469, Network Monitor.
49. Amy administers a TCP/IP network with two subnets, as shown in the Exhibit. The subnet mask for the network is 255.255.224.0. A Windows NT Workstation computer user on QUEENS complains that she cannot connect to the Windows NT Server computer SALES on BRONX. No other user on QUEENS has a problem connecting to SALES. Amy runs the ipconfig utility on the workstation and receives the following readout:
IP address. . . : 122.81.72.224
Subnet mask . . : 255.255.224.0
Default gateway : 122.81.99.2
Why does the workstation on QUEENS fail to connect to the server on BRONX?
a. The default gateway address on SALES is incorrect.
b. The default gateway address on the workstation is incorrect.
c. The IP address on SALES is incorrect.
d. The IP address on the workstation is incorrect.
e. The subnet mask on the workstation is incorrect.
Choice b is correct. The gateway address must be on the same logical network as the host. Based on the subnet mask of 255.255.224.0, the correct gateway address for the workstation on QUEENS would have to fall within the subnet range 122.81.64.1 through 122.81.95.254. RKNG, p. 565, Chp. 12, Troubleshooting Gateways; TPWIN2, pp. 253-256, Chp. 9, Adding Default Gateways to Hosts.
50. Martha plans to install DHCP on a network with three subnets. Two of the subnets have only Windows NT Workstation computers. The third subnet has only Windows 95 laptop computers. On the two Windows NT Workstation subnets, Martha wants any workstation that has not logged on in 30 days to release its IP address. On the Windows 95 subnet, she wants any Windows 95 laptop computer that has not logged on in 15 days to release its IP address. How should Martha set up the DHCP scopes?
a. by implementing one DHCP scope for each subnet and by specifying the lease period as part of each scope's configuration
b. by implementing one DHCP scope for the entire network and by specifying the lease period for each subnet at the scope level
c. by implementing one DHCP scope for the entire network with a lease period of 30 days, by excluding the Windows 95 subnet and by setting the excluded range for 15 days
d. by implementing one DHCP scope for the two Windows NT Workstation subnets and one DHCP scope for the Windows 95 subnet and by specifying the lease period as part of each scope's configuration
Choice a is correct. A DHCP scope cannot extend beyond its network segment. Defining a scope requires a scope name, a subnet mask, a continuous range of valid IP addresses, and a lease duration. A single scope cannot have more than one lease duration. For this reason, the lease duration often plays a major role in determining the number and size of the scopes you create. If the number of available IP addresses is equal to or greater than the number of hosts on your network, then the lease duration should be set for a longer period, e.g., 90 days. On the other hand, if you have fewer IP addresses available than hosts on your network, then the lease duration should be set for a shorter period, e.g., one week. Another factor to consider is "churning," which refers to how many hosts are added to or removed from the network and how often this occurs. If you experience little churning, then lengthen the lease duration; if churning is high, then shorten the lease duration.
RKNG, p. 407, Chp. 7, Microsoft DHCP Server; TPWIN2, pp. 279-290, Chp. 10, Setting Up DHCP Scopes.
51. From her Windows NT Workstation computer, Cathy wants to view the UNIX-based electronic catalog at the Library of Congress in Washington, DC. Which utility should Cathy use?
a. FTP
b. Telnet
c. LPQ
d. LPR
Choice b is correct. The Telnet utility allows users to access and run applications on remote computers. Under Telnet, the local computer becomes a dumb terminal. All processing is done on the remote server. The local computer simply displays what it receives. Keyboard commands issued locally are processed remotely. Unlike the FTP utility, Telnet cannot be used to download or upload files. The most popular services on the Internet available via Telnet are Archie, Gopher, Veronica and WAIS, all of which serve as archival centers for cataloged Internet resources. On Windows NT, Telnet is a Windows-based application. You can run Telnet either from the Accessories program group or from the command prompt. RKNG, pp. 309-311, Chp. 5, UNIX Administration, and pp. 704-705, App. A, telnet; TPWIN2, pp. 190-196, Chp. 6, TCP/IP Applications.
52. From his Windows 95 computer, Terry tries to connect to a Windows NT Server computer using the protocol http://sales.sspcorp.com. He receives the message: "Internet Explorer cannot open the Internet site http://sales.sspcorp.com. A connection with the server could not be established." Terry experiences no problems when connecting to other remote servers using hostnames. Terry's computer does not use a HOSTS file for name resolution. Which of the following are the most likely causes of the problem?
a. The ARP cache on the Windows 95 computer does not have an entry for sales.sspcorp.com.
b. The DNS server has no entry for sales.sspcorp.com.
c. The IP address on the Windows 95 computer for the default gateway is incorrect.
d. The Windows 95 computer was provided with an incorrect IP address for sales.sspcorp.com from the DNS server.
Only choices b and d are correct. Since sales.sspcorp.com is a hostname, either a HOSTS file or a DNS server is required to resolve the hostname to its IP address. Unlike WINS, which dynamically registers NetBIOS names in its database, DNS must be manually configured. Therefore, it is always possible that an entry has not yet been made in the DNS database or an incorrect entry has been made. Another cause for DNS hostname resolution failure could lie in the host's failure to connect to the DNS server. Of course, a connection failure can occur anywhere along the network. However, a good place to begin checking is with the DNS server's IP address on the host. Since Terry can connect to other remote hosts, this is not a concern here. RKNG, pp. 485-486, Chp. 9, Microsoft DNS Clients; TPWIN2, pp. 408-411, Chp. 12, Enabling DNS Clients. "Internet Explorer Err Msg: Could Not Open..." on TechNet.
53. Gary administers a network with three subnets: SubnetA, SubnetB and SubnetC. He wants to implement DHCP on the entire network. Every Windows-based computer on each subnet will get its IP configuration listings from the DHCP server. Multihomed Windows NT Server computers act as routers between each of the subnets. Gary plans to install a single DHCP server on SubnetA. In which locations could Gary place the DHCP Relay Agents?
a. on SubnetA
b. on SubnetB and SubnetC
c. on the DHCP server
d. on the routers between the subnets
Only choices b and d are correct. By itself, a DHCP server cannot pass data packets across subnets; a DHCP Relay Agent is required. Multihomed Windows NT Server computers with IP routing enabled can also serve as relay agents. RKNG, pp. 212-214, Chp. 5, Configuring DHCP, and p. 417, Chp. 7, DHCP/BOOTP Relay Agents; TPWIN2, pp. 274-278, Chp. 10, DHCP Concepts and Operation; SPT, p. 155, Chp. 7, Lesson 3: Enabling a DHCP Relay Agent.
54. Henry sets up a RAS server that connects to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) over an ISDN line. How should the default gateway address be configured so that Windows 95 users on the local network can access the Internet through the RAS server?
a. The default gateway address on the RAS server must specify the IP address of the ISP router's interface to the Internet.
b. The default gateway address on the RAS server must specify the IP address of the ISP router's interface to the local network.
c. The default gateway address on each Windows 95 computer must specify the IP address of the ISP router's interface to the local network.
d. The default gateway address on each Windows 95 computer must specify the IP address of the RAS server's network interface to the local network.
Choice d is correct. Host computers that cannot resolve IP addresses locally route messages to their default gateways. Since all traffic bound for the Internet is not local by definition, it is necessary for each host computer on the local network to be configured with the IP address of the RAS server. This IP address functions as each host computer's default gateway address to the Internet. The RAS server is not configured with a default gateway. Its default gateway address is provided by the ISP. NTNS, p. 67, Chp. 4, Installing LAN-to-LAN Routing; "Configuring Dial-up Networking for ISP DNS" on TechNet.
55. From your Windows NT Server computer you want to use Performance Monitor to see TCP/IP protocol statistics for that server. What must you set up?
a. Network Monitor agent
b. OSPF
c. RIP for TCP/IP
d. SNMP service
Choice d is correct. To use Performance Monitor in measuring TCP/IP statistics, you must first install the SNMP service on those Windows NT-based computers that you want to monitor. Performance Monitor counters can measure statistics for NIC, IP, ICMP, UDP, TCP and NetBT. Network Monitor agents are used on remote computers to feed network data back to Network Monitor. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol that maintains a database of the local autonomous system's topology, as described in RFC 1583. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) maintains routing tables on TCP/IP networks. NTCP, pp. 310-311, Chp. 10, Network Monitor Overview; RKNG, p. 559, Chp. 12, Using Performance Monitor; TPWIN2, pp. 456-457, Chp. 14, Monitoring TCP/IP with Performance Monitor.
56. Using Windows NT Explorer, Susan can connect to the FTP service running on a Windows NT Server computer on a remote subnet. However, when she runs the command ftp ftpserver.sspcorp.com on her computer, Susan fails to connect to the same server. What is the reason for the problem?
a. The Windows NT Server computer has an incorrect subnet mask.
b. The Windows NT Server computer is not set up to use WINS.
c. The Windows NT Workstation computer has an incorrect subnet mask.
d. The Windows NT Workstation computer is not set up to use DNS.
Choice d is correct. The ability to make a remote connection using any one method demonstrates that the subnet mask and default gateway on both the local and remote host are correctly configured. Therefore, in this scenario, the problem must lie with the means of connection. Browsing uses either LMHOSTS files or WINS to resolve NetBIOS names to their IP addresses. As its format shows, however, ftpserver.sspcorp.com is a hostname. Hostnames require HOSTS files or DNS for resolution. The workstation must be configured for DNS or a HOSTS file in order to connect using FTP ftpserver.sspcorp.com. RKNG, pp. 485-486, Chp. 9, Microsoft DNS Clients; TPWIN2, pp. 408-411, Chp. 12, Enabling DNS Clients.
57. Cindy administers a small TCP/IP network with three subnets: SubnetA, SubnetB and SubnetC. She wants to enable the users of every Windows-based computer to browse every other Windows-based computer on all three subnets. The primary domain controller (PDC) is on SubnetA. A backup domain controller (BDC) is on SubnetC. How should Cindy set up the network?
a. by creating an LMHOSTS file on the Windows-based computers
b. by creating one HOSTS file on the PDC and one on the BDC
c. by setting up a DHCP server and by enabling DHCP on each Windows-based computer
d. by setting up a DNS server and by enabling DNS on each Windows-based computer
Choice a is correct. While WINS is preferable on large networks, an LMHOSTS file (not a HOSTS file) on client computers is a viable alternative to WINS on small, stable Windows-based networks. The LMHOSTS file should contain entries for every domain controller (PDC and BDC) on the network. With such entries, users will not experience any disruption in network traffic should the PDC go down and the BDC be promoted in its place. RKNG, pp. 508-510, Chp. 10, Using LMHOSTS File to Find Computers and Services; TPWIN2, p. 358, Chp. 11, Managing LMHOSTS Files; "Domain Browsing with TCP/IP and LMHOSTS Files" on TechNet.
58. George finds he cannot connect to any other computer on his subnet from his Windows NT Workstation computer. He can successfully ping 127.0.0.1, thereby proving that TCP/IP has been installed on his workstation. What is the most likely cause of George's problem?
a. The workstation is not set up to use DNS.
b. The workstation is not set up to use WINS.
c. The workstation is set up with a duplicate IP address.
d. The workstation is set up with an incorrect subnet mask.
Choice d is correct. An incorrect subnet mask can cause IP to view a local address as a remote address. In such cases, IP would then send datagrams to the default gateway for forwarding to the destination hosts on remote subnets. Of course, the default gateway would not know where to forward the address, since it is really local. Address resolution would fail. Pinging 127.0.0.1, the loopback address, is always a good idea when troubleshooting TCP/IP problems. Successfully pinging 127.0.0.1 indicates that TCP/IP is installed on the machine. However, a successful result says nothing about local configuration variables such as the correct default gateway address or the subnet mask. To successfully test the subnet mask, you at least must be able to ping other computers on the subnet.
To successfully test the default gateway, you must be able to ping remote hosts, i.e., hosts on the other side of the subnet's router. RKNG, pp. 347-349, Chp. 6, Address Resolution Protocol; TPWIN2, pp. 110-112, Chp. 4, IP Routing; "TCP/IP Name Resolution" on TechNet.